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Validity and Reliability

This section has addressed a theoretical and conceptual framework that has developed through practice and as such is naturally eclectic and diverse in influences, none of which were selected in advance to find the focus in a PhD study.

Nevertheless, the framework has been exposed to considerable 'stress testing' in numerous projects, many on the large scale and the national stage. There is much more to be developed in detail and to find more reliable empirical evidence to make the framework more rigorous, but ultimately there is enough cohesion and precision to make the designer's pragmatic task possible and indeed successful. In this way I would argue that it has strength in validity, whereas reliability with other designers and contexts is yet to be fully established.

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“Thus, the task is not so much to see what no one yet has seen, but to think what nobody yet has thought about that which everybody sees.”
― Arthur Schopenhauer